<p>Portland Prairie Methodist Episcopal Church  is a historic church in Eitzen, Minnesota.</p><br>
<p>The church was built by a Mr. Tuttle of New Albin, Iowa from plans he obtained in St. Paul, Minnesota, although it is unknown whether the plans were designed by an architect. The building was completed in 1876 at a cost of $1540. It is a fine example of Eastlake architecture, with plenty of attention to detail and good use of decorative wood trim. It is a wood-frame structure on a stone foundation, with clapboard siding and a steep gable roof clad in metal.</p><br>
<p>The congregation was composed mostly of Yankees from New York and New England. It was served by a circuit rider from Caledonia between 1855 and 1876. Presumably, the settlers wanted a church with English style influences. The active congregation moved to Caledonia in 1935, but the Eitzen building is used a few times a year. On the last Sunday in July, there is a service and celebration in the large yard.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Historic St. Johns Lutheran Church  is an historic church in Bradford Township, Minnesota, United States. The church was built by German immigrants, who were among the earliest settlers in Isanti County, Minnesota. German settlers in the southeastern portion of Bradford Township wanted their own church with services in their native language. Church services were held in members homes until the church was formally organized in 1882 and a building was built on donated land.</p><br>
<p>The building is one story high, built in the Greek Revival style, with white clapboard siding on the exterior. The interior was heated with a simple wood stove at the back of the church, and lit with kerosene lamps and Coleman Quick-Lite chandeliers. It also did not have running water or inside bathrooms. The chancel and pulpit were donated by a church in Osseo, Minnesota, that was doing its own renovations. The community never had a congregation large enough to justify having a full-time pastor. The church relied on lay people to do readings, as well as sharing a pastor with St. Johns of Weber, Minnesota. Pastor F.J. Mack, who served from 1924 through 1945, began offering services in English and stopped offering services in German. In 1959, the congregation decided to merge with St. Johns of Weber after facing declining membership.</p><br>
<p>In 1976, a restoration project saved the church from destruction, and around this time, the church and its grounds were deeded to the Isanti County Historical Society. The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, but the building again fell into disrepair – until 2004, when a group, The Friends of Historic St. John&#39;s, Inc., was formed to support the renovation. With the help of over 300 financial contributors and hard working volunteers, major restoration was completed. The building and grounds are now used for traditional German cultural programs, weddings, christenings, and memorial services.</p><br>
<p>Church of the Good Shepherd is a historic church at 601 Cole Street off USA Route 169 in Coleraine, Minnesota. The church is also known as "The Log Church" and was built in 1908. John C. Greenway, a member of the parish, supervised the construction of the church. The logs were harvested from a patch of land that had previously never been logged. The interior is built entirely of wood, and the altar rail and lectern are made of birch logs. The church was dedicated by Bishop J.D. Morrison on November 15, 1908.</p><br>
<p>The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. It closed on December 26, 1982, due to declining enrollment. In March 1987, its owner, Christ Episcopal Church in Grand Rapids deeded the church to the city, with the understanding that it would be restored and maintained to continue to qualify for the National Register. The community organized a Log Church Preservation Committee to perform maintenance and restoration tasks. The church is available for weddings, special events, and cultural events.</p><br>
<p>Coleraine Methodist Episcopal Church is a historic church at NW Gayley and Cole Avenues in Coleraine, Minnesota.</p><br>
<p>The church was built in 1908 through 1909 and served as a combination church and YMCA. The church was built on the Akron Plan, designed by Duluth architect Frank Young. The building is built with coursed fieldstone gathered near the building. The sanctuary has a series of rectangular stained glass windows, with large circular stained glass windows within the shingled gables. The interior has removable partitions separating the sanctuary from three classrooms. The YMCA facilities included a gymnasium, showers, an office, a reading room, and a parlor.</p><br>
<p>The planners of the church intended it to be an alternative for young people who would otherwise visit liquor establishments in nearby Bovey during their leisure time. The church has been in private ownership since 1974. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. The Minnesota State Historic Preservation Office called it "easily the largest and most impressive religious edifice on the Western Mesabi Iron Range."</p><br>
<p>Sts. Peter and Paul Russian Orthodox Church is a historic church in Bramble, Minnesota, United States. The onion domed church was built in 1915 through 1918 by Russian immigrant homesteaders. The land was donated by William Lucachick, an area farmer. The first Mass was celebrated by a Russian Orthodox priest from Chisholm. The interior contains an iconostasis installed in 1926. In keeping with Russian Orthodox tradition, there are no pews. Most of the congregation stands throughout the service, except for the elderly and infirm, for whom there are benches provided.</p><br>
<p>The church fell into disuse in the 1930s, but Paul Berg, an Episcopal minister in Grand Rapids, discovered the church and organized an effort to restore it. The building was rededicated in 1968. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>St. Paul&#39;s Evangelical Lutheran Church & Parsonage is a historic church at 412–414 E. Lyon Street in Minneota, Minnesota, United States. It was built in 1891 by Icelandic immigrants and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The church serves the second-largest Icelandic community in the United States. Immigrants from Iceland began arriving in the area in 1875, and eventually around 800 Icelanders had settled in Lyon County, Lincoln County, and Yellow Medicine County. The immigrants were characterized by a culture of interest in public affairs and a traditional love of learning. They established schools, churches, libraries, reading clubs, and the only Icelandic language periodical in the United States. The congregation in Minnesota was organized by pastor Niels Steingrimur Thorkalsson, who arrived in 1887, but it took until 1895 before a building committee was formed. Ground was broken that fall and the church was completed in December 1895.</p><br>
<p>The church is an excellent example of Carpenter Gothic church architecture in Minnesota. It is built of wood frame construction with lap siding on a limestone foundation. The entrance is at the base of a three-story bell tower topped by an octagonal steeple. The interior has a Gothic altar and a semicircular communion rail.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Formosa Peak or Peak Formosa is the highest point of the Tsitsikamma Mountains, a coastal range located along the Garden Route in South Africa, and forming part of the Baviaanskloof Mega Reserve.</p><br>
<p>The peak was first mapped in 1576 during a voyage by the Portuguese navigator and cartographer, Manuel de Mesquita Perestrelo, when his ship put in at Plettenberg Bay, which he named Bahia Formosa or "beautiful bay". The peak, which is visible from the bay, had been named Formosa by the earlier Portuguese explorer, Bartolomeu Dias, in 1488. This was corrupted to Moses, a name still used for the region north of the mountain. Perestrelo, a survivor of the 1554 wrecking of the Portuguese carrack, the São Bento off Msikaba on the Wild Coast, wrote an account of the disaster.</p><br>
<p>Because of its elevation and sweeping views, Formosa Peak is a popular hiking destination, the normal road approach being from the north via Langkloof and farm tracks. Although not technically difficult and requiring only steep scrambling, the hiking route follows a narrow ridge with precipitous drops on either side and along some sections, a fall would prove fatal. A recent death on 2 January 2013 was that of Ken Webb, a 72-year-old experienced hiker from Plettenberg Bay, who fell while descending the mountain.</p><br>
<p>Episcopal Church of Our Savior is a historic church at 113 4th Street NE in Little Falls, Minnesota, United States. The congregation was established around 1858, as a missionary effort by Bishop Henry Whipple, and they built their first building around that time. The second church was built in 1869. The current building, built in 1903, was designed by John B. Sutcliffe from Chicago and built by Louis Triplett, a local builder. Its design blends Gothic and Tudor styles. The lower walls and foundation are built of fieldstone, while the upper sections of the walls are half-timbered with stucco. The corner tower is also made of fieldstone, topped by a bell tower with a flared shingled roof.</p><br>
<p>The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. The nomination states, "The Church of Our Savior is an excellent and well-preserved example of the second generation of Episcopal churches constructed in Minnesota. Its style is more an echo of England and a reflection of early twentieth century eclecticism than a variation on the Upjohn churches characteristic of Episcopal churches constructed in Minnesota during the late nineteenth century—the so-called "Whipple Churches&#39;."</p><br>
<p>St. Joseph&#39;s Church-Catholic is a historic church on Main Street in Pierz, Minnesota, United States. It was built 1886–1888 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The history of the parish dates back to 1865, when Reverend Francis Xavier Pierz started ministering to the community of Rich Prairie—as it was then known—along with Joseph F. Busch, Ignatius Tomazin, and James Trobec. In the fall of 1869 the community erected a log church building as Catholics were beginning to populate the area. Reverend Pierz became the resident pastor in 1871 and remained until 1873, when he retired to Austria. The town was later renamed to Pierz in honor of Reverend Pierz. Reverend Paneratins Maebren became the pastor of the church in 1884, and presided over it when the cornerstone of the new building was laid in 1886. The church was dedicated on December 25, 1888.</p><br>
<p>Union Presbyterian Church is a historic church at 311 W. Locust Street in St. Peter, Minnesota.</p><br>
<p>The community&#39;s origins date back to 1843, when Reverend Stephen Return Riggs established a mission post at Traverse des Sioux. The mission operated until 1851, when the Treaty of Traverse des Sioux was signed. In 1853, the First Free Presbyterian Church of Traverse Des Sioux was established with 12 members. They used the mission church until 1858, when a new stone church was built at a cost of $5000. A mile and a half south, in the town of St. Peter, Reverend Aaron H. Kerr led services in the Winslow Hotel. On October 25, 1857, Rev. Kerr established the First Presbyterian Church of St. Peter. During the Dakota War of 1862, many refugees from the Traverse des Sioux area moved to the safety of St. Peter. On July 25, 1869, the two congregations merged and became the Union Presbyterian Church of St. Peter. They built a new church building in 1871 for $15,000, taking the bell from the church at Traverse des Sioux. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Church of St. Adrian—Catholic is a historic church building at Main and Church Streets in Adrian, Minnesota, United States.</p><br>
<p>Bishop John Ireland was noticing the development of the southwestern Minnesota prairie land in the late 1870s. He directed Mayor Ben Thompson to scout out sites in the area. In 1877, the bishop established a new parish in Adrian, which at the time had only three houses, two stores, one hotel, a wayside station, and only one practicing Catholic. The new parish was presided over by Father C. J. Knauf and named after Saint Adrian the warrior. The first building was a wood-framed building, built in 1878 at a cost of $700. In 1887, a brick-veneered building was built, but it was destroyed by a fire on December 24, 1899. $30,000 was raised toward the cost of a new church, whose cornerstone was laid on July 4, 1900. The congregation started worshiping in the new church the following year. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. The parish is now part of a four-parish cluster with Church of St. Kilian in Wilmont Township, St. Anthony in Lismore, and Our Lady of Good Counsel in Wilmont.</p><br>
<p>Stoneleigh, the former abode of Governor Thomas B. Stanley, began its construction in 1929 and it was completed in 1932. It was built in the Tudor Revival-style and crafted out of stone from the nearby Smith River. Stanley inhabited this 25-room mansion until his death in 1970, after which his children took ownership. They donated the house to Ferrum College in 1980</p><br>
<p>In 1993 Bill and Barbara Topa had plans on making Stoneleigh into a four-star lodging and dining facility when they purchased the home in 1993. The Topas&#39; plan did not get completed, and in 1998 Kevin and Whitney Witasick bought Stoneleigh for 800,000. The couple’s ownership of the estate was cut short when Mr. Witasack was charged with tax evasion, tax perjury, and failing to file a tax return when he lied about using the home for business purposes. In 2010, Stoneleigh was again sold but this time to Citimortgage, a New York mortgage company, for 1.12 million dollars. When Citimortgage purchased the grounds, a North Carolina liability company filed a lawsuit against the New York company, claiming they breached contracts with the company to buy the Estate. Stoneleigh Estate is now privately owned.</p><br>
<p>The Texel Group  is a group of mountains of the Ötztal Alps in the Eastern Rhaetian Alps. It is located in South Tyrol in Italy.</p><br>
<p>The mountain range is part of the Texelgruppe Nature Park and is crossed by the Meraner Höhenweg (Italian: Alta via meranese), a high level footpath.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Texel Group is located south of the border between the Austrian Tyrol and South Tyrol, where above the mountain hut Stettiner Hütte, at the Eisjöchl, the Schnalskamm joins the Ötztal Alps.</p><br>
<h2>Boundaries</h2><br>
<p>The group is bounded to the south by the Vinschgau with the Adige valley, to the east by the Passeier Valley, and to the west by the Schnalstal. The northern boundary that separates the group from the Schnalskamm is the Pfossental west of the Eisjöchl. To the north-west the Pfelderer Tal separates the Texel Group from the Gurglkam.</p><br>
<h2>Mountains</h2><br>
<p>The highest peak of the group is the Roteck 3337 m (10,948 ft): other important peaks are the Texelspitze, 3318 m, the Hohe Weiße, 3281 m, the Trübwand, 3264 m, the Tschigat, 3000 m, or Spronser Rötelspitze, 2625 m. The mountain range is located entirely within the Texelgruppe Nature Park.</p><br>
<h3>List of peaks</h3><br>
<p>In descending order of height:</p><br>
<p>Roteck, 3337 m</p><br>
<p>Texelspitze, 3318 m</p><br>
<p>Hohe Weiße, 3281 m</p><br>
<p>Trübwand, 3264 m</p><br>
<p>Nördlicher Roter Kamp, 3258 m</p><br>
<p>Südliche Rote Wand, 3254 m</p><br>
<p>Südlicher Roter Kamp, 3250 m</p><br>
<p>Lodner, 3219 m</p><br>
<p>Nördliche Rote Wand, 3184 m</p><br>
<p>Gfallwand, 3175 m</p><br>
<p>Blaulackenspitze, 3173 m</p><br>
<p>Schwarzwand, 3170 m</p><br>
<p>Auf dem Kreuz, 3163 m</p><br>
<p>Grafspitze, 3147 m</p><br>
<p>Gingglspitze, 3140 m</p><br>
<p>Hochkarjochspitze, 3098 m</p><br>
<p>Kirchbachspitze, 3081 m</p><br>
<p>Schwarze Wand, 3065 m</p><br>
<p>Kleine Weiße, 3059 m</p><br>
<p>Lazinser Rötelspitze, 3037 m</p><br>
<p>Schrottner, 3023 m</p><br>
<p>Zielspitze, 3006 m</p><br>
<p>Schnalsberg, 3001 m</p><br>
<p>Tschigat, 3000 m</p><br>
<p>Kleiner Schrottner, 2998 m</p><br>
<p>Rötenspitze, 2875 m</p><br>
<p>Kolbenspitze, 2868 m</p><br>
<p>Sefiarspitze, 2846</p><br>
<p>Blasiuszeiger, 2837 m</p><br>
<p>Plattenspitze, 2828 m</p><br>
<p>Schieferspitze, 2813 m</p><br>
<p>Schwarzkopf, 2804</p><br>
<p>Ehrenspitze, 2756</p><br>
<p>Ulsenspitze, 2736</p><br>
<p>Schwarzkogel, 2668 m</p><br>
<p>Spronser Rötelspitze, 2625 m</p><br>
<p>Mulsspitze, 2621 m</p><br>
<p>Moosbichl, 2541 m</p><br>
<p>Spitzhorn, 2528 m</p><br>
<p>Hochwart, 2452 m</p><br>
<p>Sattelspitze, 2426</p><br>
<p>Hütterberg, 2407 m</p><br>
<p>Hohe Wand, 2358 m</p><br>
<p>Mutspitze, 2295 m</p><br>
<p>Muthspitze, 2264</p><br>
<p>Platterberg, 2230 m</p><br>
<p>Matatzspitze, 2179 m</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<p>Given the altitude, the climate of this mountain system is very cold, typical of high mountains. Windstorms are frequent, and in winter often accompanied by temperatures several degrees below zero and heavy snowfalls that can reduce visibility to zero. In summer there are frequent violent thunderstorms, also with hail. Changes in weather are frequent and unpredictable and this can make excursions somewhat dangerous.</p><br>
<p>Church of St. John the Baptist   is a historic church at 309 S. 3rd Avenue in Virginia, Minnesota, United States. It was built in 1924 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The church was built in 1924, and became the center of religious and social life for the Polish immigrants in the city of Virginia. It was consecrated by the first Polish bishop in the United States, Paul Peter Rhode. The church was also used by nonreligious Polish organizations, including the Polish National Alliance.</p><br>
<p>The building is now known as the "Holy Spirit Church", part of the Catholic Parishes of Virginia and Mt. Iron.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The red brick structure contains Gothic elements, with 6 arched windows on each of the sides and arched windows flanking the main entrance. The steeple above the main entrance has Jacobean styling.</p><br>
<p>The North Main–North Detroit Street Historic District is a historic neighborhood on the northern side of the city of Kenton, Ohio, United States. Important because of its architecture and because of its prominent early residents, it was declared a historic district in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Neighborhood profile</h2><br>
<p>The blocks of Detroit and Main Streets north of downtown Kenton are largely a residential neighborhood, although institutional structures (especially churches) can also be found in the district. This part of the city was settled during the second half of the 19th century and the early decades of the 20th century, at which time Kenton was enjoying its golden age. In this neighborhood the citys wealthier residents lived, including prosperous businessmen and owners of small industries. Besides its elaborate homes, which were designed in various late Victorian styles of architecture, the district includes Kentons oldest school and hospital, its armory, the Masonic temple, the former Hardin County Jail, and six churches. Among the other components of the district are Immaculate Conception Catholic Church, St. Johns Evangelical Church, First United Methodist Church, a park, and numerous wrought-iron fences produced by a Kenton company. One of the houses in the neighborhood, the Sullivan-Johnson House, has been converted into a museum; its displays concentrate on local industries and on Kenton resident Jacob Parrott, a veteran of the Andrews Raid during the Civil War and the first recipient of the Medal of Honor. Among the architects who contributed to the districts architecture was Charles Crapsey, a resident of Cincinnati who specialized in ecclesiastical architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Historic designation</h2><br>
<p>In 1985, the North Main–North Detroit neighborhood was declared a historic district and listed on the National Register of Historic Places; the boundaries extended south to Carroll Street and north past Eliza Street, as well as stretching eastward to a small portion of Cherry Street. The area qualified as a historic district because of its architecture and because of the place that it had played in local history, both because of the importance of its early residents and because of the significant role of its institutional buildings. Within its 64 acre of land can be found 164 buildings, almost none of which are new or significantly altered; 158 of them qualified as contributing properties when the district was declared. It is one of four National Register-listed locations in Kenton, along with the Kenton Courthouse Square Historic District downtown, the courthouse itself, and the former Carnegie library on Detroit Street.</p><br>
<p>The Pontiac Building is a historic high-rise building located at 542 S. Dearborn St. in the Printers Row neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois. Built in 1891, the building is the oldest surviving work in downtown Chicago designed by the architecture firm Holabird & Roche. The fourteen-story building represents the Chicago school of architecture and is designed as a steel frame covered in brick. The buildings Dearborn Street facade features three tiers of bay windows, while the facade on Federal Street features one tier of bay windows flanked by two tiers of flat windows; while the outer two tiers on both facades each span two bays, the middle tier spans only one. The bottoms of these tiers of windows, located at the second floor of the building, feature terra cotta soffits; the buildings cornice is also terra cotta. The first two floors of the building feature limestone piers with decorative capitals. Due to the buildings architectural significance, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 16, 1976.</p><br>
<p>Macumba River , once known as Treuer River, is an ephemeral freshwater stream in the far north of South Australia, that is part of the Lake Eyre Basin.</p><br>
<h2>Course and features</h2><br>
<p>The river rises at the base of Macumba Hill and where the Alberga River joins with Hamilton and Currallulla creeks, it then flows in a south easterly direction entering the Kalamurina Sanctuary and eventually discharges into the Warburton River near the north eastern side of Lake Eyre. The Macumba is situated in an arid region, the Simpson Desert and flows only very rarely. Even in years that Lake Eyre fills, such as 2010, most of the water comes from the west, the Channel Country of Queensland.</p><br>
<p>The Finke River normally drains into the Simpson Desert to the north west of the Macumba, but in the first decade of the 20th century it is thought that the Finke flowed directly into the Macumba. It is thought that the Finke has flowed to Lake Eyre via the Macumba in 1909, 1938 and 1945.</p><br>
<p>The Macumba is part of the western rivers catchment of the Lake Eyre Drainange basin along with the Peake Creek and Neales River. The western rivers catchment is composed of sandplains, Acacia scrub, gibber plains and dissected residuals.</p><br>
<p>Along with its tributaries the river has a catchment area of 39,000 km&sup2;. The river passes through a number of permanent and semi-permanent waterholes including Ross waterhole, Walkinna waterhole, Tidnabucca waterhole, Ullabarracoola waterhole and Christmas waterhole. Eleven tributaries join the Macumba including the Alberga River, Stevenson Creek, Coomparana Creek and Yardaparinna Creek.</p><br>
<h3>Flooding events</h3><br>
<p>In 1984 the Macumba, along with Neales River and the other western tributaries, filled Lake Eyre south and partially filled Lake Eyre north from there discharge following heavy rains in central Australia. The river flooded in both 2011 and 2012 with waters discharging into Lake Eyre each time.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The traditional owners of the area are the Arabana and Arrernte peoples, both of whom belong to the Central Australian Desert language group. The Macumba features in the Emu story, which is told in 80 verses. The Arabana word for the Macumba is Maka-Wimpa which means fire track, the Arrernte word is Ura-Ingka which also means fire track, named so as the river bed would be the path followed by bushfires in the area.</p><br>
<p>John McDouall Stuart was the first european to explore the area in 1859 when he conducted an expedition to the west of Lake Eyre. In 1870 the Australian Overland Telegraph, which crosses the river near Oodnadatta, was being built.</p><br>
<p>The Wentworth–Grinnan House  is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and located on the river side of South Church Street within the Smithfield Historic District in Smithfield, Virginia. Smithfield is a colonial seaport town on the Pagan River in Isle of Wight County with colonial trading ties to Bermuda and the West Indies.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Wentworth–Grinnan House was built as a -story house before 1760 and was expanded with addition of a larger wing, two-and-a-half stories tall, between 1820 and 1822. The original section "has a gabled roof with dormers, clapboarding, and a brick end wall with a brick chimney stack&quot the addition has "clapboarding, and a brick chimney, six-over-six sash windows, and a first-floor porch across the facade."</p><br>
<p>The property was first sold in 1752 to Captain Samuel Browne for four pounds, six shillings. Browne was one of Smithfield&#39;s earliest settlers and was a sea-going man in the shipping and trading business. When he died in 1760, he was half-owner of the sloop London and his other property contained in his warehouse (located in the old dormer end of the property) included 10 barrels of coffee, 6 hogsheads and one tierce of molasses (700 gallons), 2 hogsheads of sugar, 2 1/2 tierces of rum (150 gallons), 300 bushels of salt, 50 bushels of wheat, 50 hams and bacon, and 18 pounds of allspice.</p><br>
<p>Upon Browne&#39;s death the property passed to Captain Samuel Wentworth who lived on the adjacent lot and was subsequently owned by Wentworth descendants until 1809. The property later passed to a series of prominent Smithfield families and was home to the Grinnan family for 72 years.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register as a contributing building in the Smithfield Historic District in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The East High Street Historic District is a cluster of mansions on the eastern side of Springfield, Ohio, United States. Located along one of Springfield&#39;s most important thoroughfares and once home to some of its most prominent residents, the cluster was named a historic district in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Springfield was founded in 1800, but for its first half-century of existence, the land now included within the district was used for agricultural purposes.</p><br>
<h2>Residents</h2><br>
<p>Among the districts prominent residents have been the Buchwalter, Bauer, and Bushnell families of 805, 825, and 838 High respectively. Edward Lyon Buchwalter and his first wife Clementine Buchwalter were an industrialist and womens club leader, this house was his residence while he served as Governor of Ohio in the 1890s. A heavily Richardsonian Romanesque structure, it includes exterior elements such as a stone facade, windows placed in clusters, and large archways, while the interior includes numerous fireplaces, elaborate woodworking, and multiple chandeliers. After passing into the ownership of a family named Proust in the 1920s, the house was bought by funeral home operator Austin Richards in 1939, whose company has used the property for over sixty years; it remains in operation as Richards, Raff, and Dunbar Memorial Home.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>Still extant along portions of East High are examples of prominent late-19th-century architectural styles, including the Richardsonian Romanesque, the Renaissance Revival, and the Italianate styles. While other neighborhoods once possessed similar collections of styles in close proximity to each other, East High is distinguished because its mix of styles has survived to the present day, unlike that of many other neighborhoods. In recognition of its architectural significance, a small portion of East High was designated the East High Street Historic District and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. It is composed of five contributing properties, located at 805, 810, 815, 825, and 838 East High.</p><br>
<p>Murchison School is a historic 1902 school building in Bennettsville, South Carolina. It was designed by Denver architect John J. Huddart and named for a merchant who was also the towns first mayor, John D. Murchison . The school was given to the city in Murchisons memory by his widow, former teacher Harriet Murchison Beckwith .</p><br>
<p>The building&#39;s style is Romanesque Revival and includes a central bell tower with a terra cotta tablet over an ornate arched entrance. A marker was added to the building in 2008 by the Marlborough Historical Society (Marker Number 35-35). The school building is one of several historic structures in the area with Shiness (just steps away); the J.F. Kinney House / P.M. Kinney House; Bennettsville Presbyterian Church and Old Female Academy all within several hundred feet. The building is also a contributing property to the Bennettsville Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The building served as an elementary school from 1902 until 1989 (when it closed). In 1918 Bennettsville High School was built next to it. The auditorium has been used for civic events, club meetings, and theater productions. During World War II the auditorium&#39;s balcony was renovated to house a dual library for this school and Bennettsville High, after the high school burned. It was later restored to its original appearance.</p><br>
<p>Poynor School is a historic school building constructed from 1906 to 1908 in Florence, South Carolina. It was designed by local architect William J. Wilkins and was the contractor&#39;s first commission as an architect. Now known as Poynor Junior High School, it is located at 301 South Dargan Street and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places .</p><br>
<p>The two-story brick building is in a Neoclassical Georgian Revival style. Construction was carried out by J.F. Ong of Columbia, South Carolina according to plans by W.J. Wilkins who revised the original plans by Charles Coker Wilson. The building includes features a central tetrastyle colossal Ionic portico with six bays on either side of the portico and four-bay pavilions at each end of the main block. A banquet for President William Howard Taft was held at the school in 1910. The building and grounds have also been used for recitals, concerts, meetings, lectures, tournaments, fundraisers, and extracurricular classes.</p><br>
<p>The Ernstberg  southeast of Hinterweiler is, at, the highest of the west Eifel volcanoes and, after the Hohe Acht, the second highest mountain in the Eifel overall. Its summit consists of pyroclastic rocks  that form a volcanic crater that is open towards the east. This is where the basalt masses flowed out, forming a semicircle on the eastern slope of the mountain. It lies within the Waldeifel region.</p><br>
<p>In winter there are excellent winter sports conditions on the Ernstberg due to its height. Cut langlauf tracks, a toboggan slope and ski hire hut are available.</p><br>
<p>Somewhat below the summit is a cave that runs through to the other side of the mountain and which is a natural monument. The cave entrances are barred to prevent access.</p><br>
<h2>Nature reserve</h2><br>
<p>On 20 September 1978, the Ernstberg was designated by the district council at Trier as a nature reserve. Its conservation aim is the preservation of the Early Pleistocene stratovolcano with its distinctive ring-shaped arrangement of its pyroclastic rock and basalt layers (Einlagerungen) (nepheline-leutzitite). In addition the aim is to preserve the colony of Perennial Honesty (Lunaria rediviva).</p><br>
<p>The Church of St. Mary, formerly the Church of St. Boniface, is a historic Roman Catholic church in Melrose, Minnesota, United States. The church and the adjacent 1907 rectory were listed together on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993 for having local significance in the themes of European ethnic heritage and social history. The property was nominated to the Register as a manifestation of the importance of ethnic parishes in the cultural and religious life of Minnesota&#39;s rural German American populace in the 19th and early 20th centuries.</p><br>
<p>On March 11, 2016, the Church of St. Mary was heavily damaged by a fire.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The parish was founded in 1878 by German immigrants, six years after a nearby parish, St. Patrick&#39;s, was founded by Irish immigrants. The first building was a wood-frame structure, built in 1879 at a cost of $3,000. In 1882, they established a Catholic school and a convent. The current building was dedicated in 1898 and built for $50,000. The old building became a school, but it was destroyed in a fire in 1910.</p><br>
<p>In 1958 the bishop of the Diocese of St. Cloud decided that St. Boniface and St. Patrick would merge into a new parish named St. Marys. St. Patricks parish was outgrowing its space and was looking for new room. In 1970, the St. Patrick&#39;s church building was demolished. The church is now part of a four-parish cluster with parishes in Meire Grove, Greenwald, and Spring Hill.</p><br>
<p>On March 11, 2016, the Church of St. Mary was heavily damaged by a fire. No people were injured, and the blaze was extinguished before the roof or exterior walls were lost. Investigators announced in May that the fire had been set deliberately.</p><br>
<p>The Church of St. Joseph-Catholic is a historic Roman Catholic church building at Minnesota Street and College Avenue in St. Joseph, Minnesota, United States. The first Mass in the community was celebrated by Francis Xavier Pierz on October 22, 1854, when the town was still named Clinton. The first church building was completed a year later, and a small log school building was attached in 1860. The parish decided to build a more spacious building, measuring 66 ft by 150 ft, with the lower half consisting of native fieldstones and the upper half of granite brick from a nearby quarry. Construction began in 1869, and on June 29, 1871, Bishop Thomas Grace consecrated the building. This was the first consecrated church in Minnesota, being made of permanent materials. It was added to the National Register in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Church of the Immaculate Conception is an historic church on County Highway 9 in Avon, Minnesota, United States, and part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint Cloud. The original structure, a small wood-framed building, was built in 1887 by a Polish immigrant community in the area of Pelican Lake. In June 1902 the church was completely destroyed by fire. A new building, of yellow brick, was built in the winter of 1902 and dedicated in October 1903. It was listed on the National Register in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Since 1995 the parish has been part of a cluster with the former St. Hedwig and St. Mary churches in Holdingford, Our Lady of Mount Carmel in Opole, and St. Columbkille, in St. Wendel, and is known as Immaculate Conception, St. Anna. In June 2011, the two churches in Holdingford united into one parish called the Church of All Saints.</p><br>
<p>Church of St. Bridget-Catholic is a historic church at 3rd Street and Ireland Avenue in De Graff, Minnesota.</p><br>
<p>In the late 19th century, Archbishop John Ireland was organizing an effort to populate areas of western Minnesota, including Swift County and nearby counties, with Irish Catholics. De Graff was one of the settlements that he sponsored, along with Graceville, Clontarf, Currie, Minneota, Ghent, Iona, Avoca, and Fulda. The Church of St. Bridget was designed in 1901 by Edward J. Donohue of St. Paul, who designed other Catholic churches. The building was built by E.C. Richmond of Melrose. It is in the Romanesque Revival style, measuring 115 ft long and 50 ft wide, with a bell tower measuring 3 1/2 stories. The foundation is made of granite from St. Cloud, and the walls are faced with red brick trimmed with Kasota limestone. The interior has exposed wooden beams, an ornate Gothic oak altar, and large murals illustrating the Stations of the Cross.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Grace Memorial Episcopal Church is a historic church in Wabasha, Minnesota, United States, built in 1900. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 for having local significance in the themes of architecture and religion. It was nominated for being "the most distinguished ecclesiastical structure" in Wabasha and "the work of prominent Minnesota architect Cass Gilbert".</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Grace Memorial Episcopal Church is a one-story building on a modified cruciform plan. It was designed in the style of English Gothic architecture, with walls of random coursed stone. The main gable ends have stone coping topped by Celtic crosses at the peaks. The roof is of slate.</p><br>
<p>There are two projecting gables on the main façade that contain doors. The gable at main entrance has a decorated bargeboard, a Gothic arch, and a belfry. The gable over the secondary entrance has half-timbering over cobblestone infill.</p><br>
<p>The building is characterized by several stained glass windows in Gothic framing, flanked by stone buttresses. The largest such window is on the northwest wall, but the chancel window at the southeast, entitled "Three Marys at the Tomb", was designed by Tiffany Studios.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This building was commissioned by Saint Paul-based lumberman Thomas Irvine to replace an existing church in Wabasha while serving as a memorial to his wife Emily Hills Irvine and her parents. Her father Horace Hills had been the reverend of the original Grace Episcopal Church from 1872 to 1877.</p><br>
<p>The Swedish Evangelical Lutheran Church is a historic church in Millville, Minnesota, United States. It was built in 1874 and used successively by Swedish, Norwegian, and German immigrant congregations. The church and its adjacent cemetery were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989 for having local significance in the theme of European ethnic heritage. It was nominated for being the only intact surviving ethnic church from the peak of European immigration to Wabasha County.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The congregation was organized in 1869 by Swedish immigrant settlers in the area, but the community could not afford to build a church until 1874. When they had the money, they acquired the minimal materials, such as lumber and stone. They quarried buff-colored Oneota limestone from the land of one of the members. Interior furnishings such as the pews and pulpit were handmade. The total cost of materials was $802.60. After the church was built it continued to have a difficult history, as many of its families moved to the west. Many of the Swedish immigrants were replaced by Norwegian-American families, who used the church until 1914. In 1905 Grace German Evangelical Church began holding services there. It was used by other groups until 1967, and then it was abandoned until the Millville Historical Association purchased the building in the late 1970s.</p><br>
<p>Vista Lutheran Church is a historic church in Otisco Township, Minnesota, United States, built in 1908. The Gothic Revival building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 for having local significance in the themes of religion and European heritage. It was nominated for being the best preserved structure symbolizing Waseca County&#39;s principal Swedish American settlement.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Otisco and New Richland townships were settled by Scandinavian pioneers in 1856 and 1857. A wood-frame church was built on this site in 1868, and replaced in 1908 with this more permanent structure. The church was named for Vista Hundred, a geographical division of Sweden from which many of the settlers had come.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The interior has stenciling on the walls and the ceiling, and the carved pulpit sits high above the congregation. The exterior uses red brick and stone.</p><br>
<p>The Church of St. Michael is a historic Roman Catholic church building in St. Michael, Minnesota, United States, constructed in 1890. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 for having local significance in the themes of architecture, exploration/settlement, and religion. It was nominated for its status as the dominant architectural feature and the religious and social center of a German Catholic community.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The community was established in 1856 and originally started worship in a small log church along the Crow River. The early ministers of the church came from Saint John&#39;s Abbey in Collegeville. In 1866 a new church was built in the center of the town and served for about 25 years. In 1890 the parish built a Gothic Revival building, which was the largest church in Wright County at the time. The building features ornate statues and German woodcarvings.</p><br>
<p>Although the parish had a mostly German ethnicity for many years, since 1985 the number of families in the parish doubled, and it no longer appears to be an ethnic parish. In 2004 the parish constructed a new building.</p><br>
<p>The First Congregational Church of Clearwater  is a historic church building in Clearwater, Minnesota, United States, built in 1861. It was listed on the National Register in 1979 for having local significance in the themes of architecture and exploration/settlement. It was nominated for its Greek Revival architecture, association with the areas New England settlers, and connection to the "Indian Scares" of 1862 and 1863. After the Dakota War of 1862 and the murder of a Wright County family a year later, area settlers feared further Native American attacks, prompting a third of the Euro-American population to move away permanently. In Clearwater the remaining residents selected their largest and most defensibly sited building—the church—as a potential refuge. It was outfitted with a stockade and a cache of provisions until the passage of several months proved the settlers fears unwarranted.</p><br>
<p>The McClurg Building is a historic skyscraper in the Loop community area of Chicago, Illinois. The building was built in 1899 and designed by Chicago school architects Holabird & Roche. At nine stories tall and 80 ft by 150 ft at its base, the building is one of the smallest skyscrapers in Chicago. The buildings Wabash Street facade has 9,000 ft2 of windows bordered by terra cotta piers and spandrels; the amount of window space was necessitated by the absence of windows on the sides of the building. The A.C. McClurg publishing company was the buildings main occupant and gave the building its name.</p><br>
<p>The McClurg Building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 17, 1970.</p><br>
<h2>Tenants</h2><br>
<p>Exchequer Restaurant and Pub occupies a portion of the first floor, though its street address is 226 South Wabash, the neighboring building.</p><br>
<p>Roosevelt University&#39;s Dance Studios are located on the third floor.</p><br>
<p>Chicago Youth Centers, a non-profit focusing on urban youth, is headquartered on the sixth floor.</p><br>
<p>UNITE HEREs Local 1 and national health benefits offices are on the buildings seventh and eighth floors, respectively.</p><br>
<p>IA Collaborative, a design and innovation consulting firm, occupies the ninth floor and tenth floor penthouse.</p><br>
<p>Lake Waitamoumou is a small dune-dammed lake a kilometre north of Raglan in the Waikato region of New Zealand.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<h2>Biota</h2><br>
<p>It seems no detailed survey has been done of the lake. As cattle often walk in the lake it is likely to be polluted. In the 1970s the dunes between the lake and the harbour were sown with tree lupin (Lupinus arboreus) and Marram Grass, which has reduced sand movement and provided a low quality pasture. Frogs can be heard croaking in the lake. The pompillid wasp (Cryptocheilus australis) and its prey, the nursery web spider (Dolomedes minor), have been seen near the lake.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The county history says, "On the 25th of May 1850, the chief of the Ngāti Mahuta hapu concerned, ceded to the Crown, the land known as Te Horea... In 1874 the whole of Te Akau, with the exception of certain native reserves, was leased to John Studholme, of Canterbury, for a term of 30 years. Soon the smoke from extensive fires marked further Pakeha inroads into the native forests of the island." His 90,000 acre lease lasted until the early 1890s, when the New Zealand Loan and Mercantile Agency Company took it on. It was known as Darrow&#39;s Station when he was manager, but the Liberal land reforms resulted in the break up of Te Akau Station in 1911, after which much more of the native forest was felled and burnt.</p><br>
<p>The Bathurst Channel is a narrow offshore stretch of water that links Port Davey with Bathurst Harbour in the South West region of Tasmania, Australia. The Bathurst Channel is contained within the Port Davey/Bathurst Harbour Marine Nature Reserve, and the Southwest National Park, part of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area.</p><br>
<h2>Features and location</h2><br>
<p>The channel has been studied for estuarine and introduced marine species.</p><br>
<p>The channel&#39;s water is stained red and provides a low light; this allows deeper-water creatures to live in the shallow water. The water is pitch black 6 m below the surface. The channel attracts researchers and divers because they can observe deep underwater life without traveling thousands of feet with expensive equipment.</p><br>
<p>The Hallowell Historic District encompasses the historic 18th and 19th-century heart of Hallowell, Maine. The city developed as a major port on the Kennebec River, during which time its downtown and adjacent residential area were built up. Fully half of the area&#39;s more than 400 buildings were built before 1865. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The city of Hallowell was settled in the 1760s, and its early center layout was made in 1771. The principal artery, Water Street (United States Route 201), following the west bank of the river, was originally a Native American trail, and two of its westerly leading cross streets, Winthrop and Center Streets, were also laid out early. At first an agricultural community, Hallowell developed as a regional center of the printing industry in the early 19th century, and as a granite processing center in the late 19th century. It was eventually eclipsed in importance by Augusta, just to the north, which became the state capital.</p><br>
<p>The bounds of district are a rectangle, whose southern boundary is at Litchfield Road, and whose northern boundary is roughly at Page Street. The eastern boundary is the river, and the western boundary roughly follows Middle, Warren, and Pleasant Streets. The district includes about 450 buildings, most of which were built before 1900, with fully half standing before 1865. It includes residential properties, including the home of Maine Governor Joseph R. Bodwell (1875), and a significant number of wood-frame and masonry commercial buildings. One of these, built in 1813, originally housed the first bookstore located east of Portland.</p><br>
<h2>Partial listing of properties</h2><br>
<p>Artemus Leonard House (c. 1811).</p><br>
<p>Capt. Samuel Watts House (1820).</p><br>
<p>Old Fire Station (c. 1830).</p><br>
<p>Hallowell Cotton Mill (1844).</p><br>
<p>Gage Row House (1846), housing for textile workers.</p><br>
<p>Capt. Henry Cooper House (1850).</p><br>
<p>St. Matthew&#39;s Episcopal Church (1860), Richard Upjohn, architect.</p><br>
<p>Hallowell Granite Company Headquarters (c. 1870).</p><br>
<p>Gov. Joseph R. Bodwell House (1875).</p><br>
<p>Hubbard Free Library (1879–80), Alexander C. Currier, architect.</p><br>
<p>Old South Congregational Church (1885).</p><br>
<p>Hallowell City Hall (1898).</p><br>
<p>Johnson House (1899), John Calvin Stevens, architect.</p><br>
<p>The Weiße Spitze, at a height of, is the highest peak in the Villgraten Mountains. It lies south of St. Jakob in Defereggen and east of the Austro-Italian border.</p><br>
<p>The close western neighbour of the Weiße Spitze is the somewhat lower Rote Spitze. The names of the two summits are, however, not absolutely clear. This article adopts the names used by the Federal Office of Metrology and Survey. According to the inhabitants of the Defereggen valley, however, their names are reversed: they view the Rote Spitze as the higher, eastern summit.</p><br>
<p>(For further details of the naming issue surrounding the Weiße Spitze and Rote Spitze see the Highest summit section of the article on the Villgraten Mountains.)</p><br>
<p>The Weiße Spitze (, the easternmost of the two aforementioned peaks) may be climbed on a signed route only from the upper Villgratental valley (climbing grade II-), a totally separate route from that to the summit of the Rote Spitze.</p><br>
<p>The Rote Spitze is a mountain in Austria and, at, the second highest peak in the Villgraten Mountains. It lies south of St. Jakob in Defereggen and east of the Austro-Italian border.</p><br>
<p>The immediate neighbour of the Rote Spitze to the east is the somewhat higher Weiße Spitze. The names of the two summits are, however, not absolutely clear. This article adopts the names used by the Federal Office of Metrology and Survey. According to the inhabitants of the Defereggen valley, however, their names are reversed: they view the Rote Spitze as the higher, eastern summit.</p><br>
<p>(For further details of the naming issue surrounding the Weiße Spitze and Rote Spitze see the Highest summit section of the article on the Villgraten Mountains.)</p><br>
<p>The Rote Spitze (, the westernmost summit of the two aforementioned peaks) may be climbed both from the Defereggen valley - via Brugger Alm, Ragötzlalm and Gschrittlenke -, as well as from the Villgratental valley - via the Oberstalleralm and Gschrittlenke. The final 150 metres of height below the summit are of climbing grade I+. Individual places are secured here by steel cable. Sure-footedness is essential.</p><br>
<p>The crossing from the Rote Spitze to the Weiße Spitze is popular with climbers. The route is unmarked (climbing grade III-).</p><br>
<p>Eckert Presbyterian Church previously known as First Presbyterian Church of Eckert is an historic church at 13025 Colorado Highway 65 in Eckert, Colorado.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Residents of the area met at the local high school, February 24, 1913, and voted to establish the First Presbyterian Church of Eckert. After fundraising and the donation of plot of land, the congregation engaged noted architect Lawrence B. Valk of Los Angeles and construction began in 1915. Work slowed in 1918 and 1919 due to shortages of labor and supplies caused by World War I and a flu epidemic that gripped the area, but the lower level was completed in June 1919. Construction of the upper level lagged but was complete in June 1921.</p><br>
<p>The first pastor, Rev. James Hunsicker, also served as principal of the area high school. For that reason and the lack of other available spaces, members of the community often utilized the church spaces for school plays, basketball games and other large events. In 1961, the congregation voted to change its name from First Presbyterian Church of Eckert to the current Eckert Presbyterian Church.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register in 2006.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Valk designed the structure in a Bungalow/Craftsman and Rustic style that was popular in the early twentieth century. The structure is 35 x and constructed of local field stone with timber accents. It sits on a sloped site with the sanctuary on the main level above a basement. A gabled vestibule dominates the center of the south façade and houses the primary entry. The tower rises from the roof of the vestiblue and is capped with a stepped parapet. Three large stained glass windows with arched tops dominate the east wall of the sanctuary which features a post and beam ceiling. When constructed, the main level contained a movable partition allowing the space to accommodate worship services and Sunday school.</p><br>
<p>In an effort to conserve scarce funds, the congregation eliminated central heating from the construction plans and intended to heat the entire structure with wood stoves. They installed two on the main level and one in the basement, but this arrangement soon proved impractical and by 1925, they began to raise additional funds for a furnace.</p><br>
<p>In 1946, the congregation decided to construct a manse for the pastor. The manse was situated south of the sanctuary and constructed in a rustic style to blend with the sanctuary. In 1987, the congregation constructed a new facility to house offices, activity space and classrooms. The facility is two-floors and occupies a plot 25 x between the sanctuary and manse forming a courtyard on the east. Because of the slope of the site, the facility appears to be only one story. As part of the addition, the partition was removed from the sanctuary and new pews and carpeting were installed.</p><br>
<p>Ellern Mede is the name of an eating disorder service which now operates from several locations in the London area. It is also the trading name for the company Oaktree Forest Limited. Its current main inpatient hospital is Ellern Mede Ridgeway in Holcombe Hill, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill London NW7.</p><br>
<p>Historically, the service took its name because, from its formation in 2000, it was originally situated at a large detached house with this name Ellern Mede located at 31 Totteridge Common in the London Borough of Barnet, N20.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>The design is described by Nikolaus Pevsner as "one of Shaw&#39;s asymmetrical Old English L-plan compositions...big, bold half-timbered gable over the entrance, and broad tile-hung flank with half-hipped gable, all anchored by tall chimneys".</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In recent years Ellern Mede has been a nursing home, and the Ellern Mede Centre for Eating Disorders. The eating disorders centre has now moved to Mill Hill, where it opened in May 2011 as the Ellern Mede Ridgeway Service for Eating Disorders.</p><br>
<p>The Pine Residence , located in the Horsh district of Beirut, is the official residence of the French ambassador to Lebanon. The palace holds particular historical importance since General Henri Gouraud declared the creation of the state of Greater Lebanon on September 1, 1920 from its porch.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>The 19th century witnessed a considerable rise in seafaring traffic with the introduction of steamships and completion of the Suez Canal in 1869.</p><br>
<p>The urban and architectural fabric of the until-then typical medieval Islamic walled city was changed by the Ottoman Ebniye and Turuk Regulations that were enacted in 1848 and 1864 as a part of the Tanzimat reforms and that would serve as a scheme for the development of Beirut until after the French mandate over Lebanon. The reforms resulted in greater city autonomy through the creation of municipalities and the development of the urban space. The municipality of Beirut was created in 1863.</p><br>
<p>Starting from 1860 and for twenty years, the Tanzimat impacted the transformation of the Beirut space heavily. The period was marked by the restoration of the ancient souks, the creation of new commercial spaces and the establishment of infrastructures on a big scale and the building of large public and private building such as the Grand Serail and its annexes and the Pine residence. The movement catalyzed by the Tanzimat reforms set the foundation of a new framework for buildings characterized by works inspired from several European styles such as neo-baroque and neo-gothic. The former architectural tradition declined progressively.</p><br>
<p>The new status of the city was in tandem with the accumulation of riches by a number of its inhabitants. The affluent Beirutis were heavily influenced by the western way of living; they moved out of the old city and built their villas on the hills surrounding Beirut and sought to create a recreation center away from the bustling and crowded city center. The Pine Park was chosen for its scenic greenery and its distance from the busy downtown area; a racecourse and a casino similar the ones being built in European capitals were envisioned.</p><br>
<h3>Horse racing</h3><br>
<p>Horse racing was a common practice in ancient Beirut until it was banished by the Byzantine church authority around the 5th century AD and all the hippodromes were abandoned to decay. The Roman hippodrome of Beirut which occupies 3500 m² near the Maghen Abraham Synagogue in Wadi Abu Jamil, the historic, Jewish quarter of Beirut, was discovered in 1988. The Roman Hippodrome of Beirut was the second to be discovered in Lebanon after the Tyre Hippodrome</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>In view of the modernization of Beiruts city center, the wali of Beirut Azmi Bey planned to build a high-end meeting place for the citys privileged class in the ‘Bois des Pins’; he commissioned the building of a casino and a horse racecourse.</p><br>
<p>The Pine Residence was built by Alfred Moussa Sursock, a Lebanese nobleman working as an official at the Ottoman embassy in Paris until the beginning of the first world war. Alfred returned to Beirut and on December 5, 1915 he obtained a 50-year concession from then mayor of Beirut Kenaan Taher Bey for the management of 660,000 m&sup2; of the Beirut pine forest, provided he builds the "Cercle du Parc du Bois" or "Cercle Azmi" (Azmi Club), the first casino in Lebanon. Sursock proceeded to build the casino and the horse racetrack on the plot and created the Ottoman Casino-Club Society ("Société du Casino-Club Ottoman") to that end. The pinery where the project was set to be constructed had been exploited for shipbuilding since the Phoenician times and up until the arrival of the Crusaders. By the end of the 19th century the Beirut pine forest became a frequented promenade. The park hosted regular archery contests and a Kiosk where military music was played every Friday during winter.</p><br>
<p>The construction of "Qasr es-Sanawbar" began in 1916 under the supervision of the Sursock family architect Bahjat Abdel Nour and involved Amine Abdel Nour, Hussein al-Ahdab, Youssef Aftimus, Maroun Ghammacheh and Gaspard Nafilyan. The two-story building was completed in 1920 it consisted of a raised basement, a ground floor with a hall and a dining area, and an upper floor with game rooms. Nevertheless, the building never served as a casino because of the ongoing world war I; it was used as a military hospital instead.</p><br>
<h3>Expansion</h3><br>
<p>The Pine Residence was enlarged over time under the French mandate; the Ottoman lounge was reorganized, the "Salon de la Musique" and the North-South facade were extended in 1928. In 1931 the northern chambers of the ground floor were transformed to the actual "Grand Salon" and dining room and in 1932 the first floor atrium was created by French architect Michel Ecochard.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>French mandate</h3><br>
<p>After the World War I, the Ottoman Empire was partitioned and Lebanon passed under the French mandate. The then French Adviser on Foreign Affairs François Georges-Picot was appointed Commissioner of the Ottoman Territories of Palestine and Syria; he arrived to Beirut and moved to the residence which served then as Azmy Bey&#39;s (then wali of Beirut) barracks and renamed it "Residence des Pins".</p><br>
<p>On November 21, 1919, general Henri Gouraud, the French High Commissioner in Syria and Lebanon arrived in Beirut and laid the groundwork for the acquisition of the Pine Residence buildings and was inspired by the Residence Lyautey in Rabat to develop the Beiruti residence&#39;s rudimentary installation.</p><br>
<p>On September 1, 1920, General Gouraud proclaimed from the porch of the Pine Residence the establishment of the State of Greater Lebanon (دولة لبنان الكبير Dawlat Lubnan Al-Kabir; État du Grand Liban) with its current boundaries and with Beirut as its capital.</p><br>
<p>On September 28, 1921, the Sursocks reached an agreement by which the family yielded the property to the French state for a sum of 1.85 million French Francs. The French State became the owner of the buildings and tenant of the Beirut municipal forest ground which was adjacent and separated from the Beirut Hippodrome by a simple wooden fence.</p><br>
<p>The high commissioners who resided in the Pine residence were:</p><br>
<p>During his first stay in Beirut between 1929 and 1932, Commander Charles de Gaulle lived in Achrafieh but he stayed at the Pine Residence when he returned to Lebanon as Head of the Free French Forces in July 1941 and August 1942.</p><br>
<h3>The ambassador's residence</h3><br>
<p>After the Lebanese Independence in 1943, the Pine Palace became the official residence of the Ambassadors of France to Lebanon.</p><br>
<p>The Embassys land lease expired in 1964 and negotiations were undertaken so that France could acquire the symbolic premises. Talks ended in 1972 and on October 7 of that year, then-ambassador Michel Fontaine signed the agreement with the administrator of the Mohafazat of Beirut Chafic Abou Haïdar. It wasnt long before the Lebanese Civil War began and ambassador Argod was compelled to evacuate the embassy premises in May 1975 only to return by the end of 1976 until the Pine Residence was occupied by armed militias in 1978. Argod returned to the residence in late 1978 until the arrival of his successor ambassador Delamare in 1979. Delamare who lived in the Pine Residence with his family was assassinated a few meters away from the embassy by the Syrian government on November 4, 1981.</p><br>
<p>Until the beginning of the 1982 Israeli bombardments, Ambassador Paul-Marc Henry still lived in the palace which was situated on the front-line of the Lebanese battlefield. The Pine Residence served successively as a field hospital for the French Army then as headquarters to the international observers.</p><br>
<p>The premises were finally abandoned on February 4, 1984 and the guardianship of the building was passed to the special forces of the Lebanese internal Security forces as of April 8, 1986. At the end of the hostilities, the French state recuperated the heavily bombarded and pillaged edifice the security of which was entrusted to the French Gendarmerie from May 25, 1991 until February 1995.</p><br>
<p>The decision to rehabilitate the residence and to regroup all the services of the embassy in its proximity was taken during the service term of ambassador Jean-Pierre Lafon who arrived in May 1994. The rehabilitation works were inaugurated by then president Jacques Chirac during his official visit to Lebanon in April 1996. The works which were overseen by Ambassador Daniel Jouanneau were done in May 1998 and the Pine Residence were inaugurated in an official reception headed by President Chirac on May 30, 1998.</p><br>
<p>The Pine Residence was classified as a historic monument by the Lebanese Directorate General of Antiquities.</p><br>
<p>First Baptist Church of Denver is an historic church at 230 E. 14th Avenue-1373 Grant Street in Denver, Colorado.</p><br>
<p>First Baptist Church of Denver ("FBCD") began in 1864. Two centuries later FBCDs steeple stands tall at the intersection of 14th Avenue and Grant Street directly across from the south steps of the State Capitol. Taller still is FBCDs vision of being a center of activity for Capitol Hill where people of all walks of life and systems of belief can experience conversations rooted in hope and filled with a passion to serve the needs of the broader community.</p><br>
<p>Reflective of FBCDs historic commitment to social justice and the pursuit of equality for all people on April 16, 1962, the Reverend Doctor Martin Luther King, Jr., preached from FBCDs pulpit. Dr. Kings vision of a beloved community is a vision for which FBCDs members still strive.</p><br>
<p>FBCD worships on Sunday mornings at 10:30. Its worship style is very eclectic. Through music, silence, reflection, ritual, and an openness to voices from many religious traditions, FBCD seeks to create a sacred space where people can center their inner-selves to become more inter-connected with the mysteries of life, faith, and community.</p><br>
<p>The current church building was built in 1938 and was added to the National Register in 2005.</p><br>
<p>St. Josephs Industrial School is a historic school and historic district located at Clayton, Kent County, Delaware. It encompasses three contributing buildings, one contributing structure, and three contributing objects. They are the Italianate-style Chapel , Colonial Revival-style Administration Building and Rectory , St. Michaels Hall , the Entry Arch , and three figural marble religious statues.</p><br>
<p>The school was founded by the St. Joseph Society of the Sacred Heart and opened in 1896 as an educational institution for young African American men during the time of segregation. The school was closed by the Josephite Society in 1972 who then established the St. Joseph Center for Prayer at the facility in 1973. In March 2002, the St. Joseph&#39;s Project Foundation purchased the property and secured a charter school to rehabilitate and occupy the buildings.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>A Marine Corps JROTC school known as First State Military Academy (part of the New Tech Network) has now taken up the property as of 2014, still using the three main buildings.</p><br>
<p>The Harrer Building is a historic building located at 8051 North Lincoln Avenue in Skokie, Illinois.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Michael Harrer, a Bavarian immigrant, built the building in 1874 for his familys home and his meat market. Harrers meat market was the first in the village, then known as Niles Center, and the building is the oldest extant commercial building in Skokie. In addition, the building&#39;s Italianate style architecture is unique among Skokie commercial buildings. The Harrer family played a significant role in the development of Niles Center; Michael Harrer was a village trustee, and his son Adam was the first village president.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 17, 1983.</p><br>
<p>Lalbagh Fort  is an incomplete 17th century Mughal fort complex that stands before the Buriganga River in the southwestern part of Dhaka, Bangladesh. The construction was started in 1678 AD by Mughal Subahdar Muhammad Azam Shah who was son of Emperor Aurangzeb and later emperor himself. His successor, Shaista Khan, did not continue the work, though he stayed in Dhaka up to 1688.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Mughal prince Muhammad Azam, third son of Aurangzeb started the work of the fort in 1678 during his vice-royalty in Bengal. He stayed in Bengal for 15 months. The fort remained incomplete when he was called away by his father Aurangzeb.</p><br>
<p>Shaista Khan was the new subahdar of Dhaka in that time, and he did not complete the fort. In 1684, the daughter of Shaista Khan named Iran Dukht Pari Bibi died there. After her death, he started to think the fort as unlucky, and left the structure incomplete. Among the three major parts of Lalbagh Fort, one is the tomb of Pari Bibi.</p><br>
<p>After Shaista Khan left Dhaka, it lost its popularity. The main cause was that the capital was moved from Dhaka to Murshidabad. After the end of the royal Mughal period, the fort became abandoned. In 1844, the area acquired its name as Lalbagh replacing Aurangabad, and the fort became Lalbagh Fort.</p><br>
<h2>Structures</h2><br>
<p>For long the fort was considered to be a combination of three buildings (the mosque, the tomb of Bibi Pari and the Diwan-i-Aam), with two gateways and a portion of the partly damaged fortification wall. Recent excavations carried out by the Department of Archaeology of Bangladesh have revealed the existence of other structures.</p><br>
<p>The southern fortification wall has a huge bastion in the southwestern corner. On the north of the south fortification wall were the utility buildings, stable, administration block, and its western part accommodated a beautiful roof-garden with arrangements for fountains and a water reservoir. The residential part was located on the east of the west fortification wall, mainly to the southwest of the mosque.</p><br>
<p>The fortification wall on the south had five bastions at regular intervals two stories in height, and the western wall had two bastions; the biggest one is near the main southern gate. The bastions had an underground tunnel.</p><br>
<p>The central area of the fort is occupied by three buildings – the Diwan-i-Aam and the hammam on its east, the Mosque on the west and the Tomb of Pari Bibi in between the two – in one line, but not at an equal distance. A water channel with fountains at regular intervals connects the three buildings from east to west and north to south.</p><br>
<h3>Diwani-i-Aam</h3><br>
<p>Diwan-i-Aam is a two storied residence of the Mughal governor of Bengal located on the east side of the complex. A single storied hammam is attached on its west. The hammam portion has an underground room for boiling water. A long partition wall runs along the western facade of the hammam.</p><br>
<p>The building is situated about 39 meters (136) to the west of the tank, running from north to south. The external measurements of the building are 32.47m x 8.18m (107 x 29&#39;).</p><br>
<p>There are living quarters on each level of two stories and a main central hallway connecting them. There is a Hammamkhana (Bathhouse) in the southern part of the building which is one of the seventh Hammamkhana still existing in ruins in the heritage of Bangladesh.</p><br>
<p>Recent excavations (1994–2009) show that there was a special room below the room of Hammamkhana, where archaeologists found the arrangements for heating water, supplying the hot water as well as cool water to the Hammamkhana through the terracotta pipes which was specially manufactured for such purpose. The discovery of black spots in the underground room proof that fire had been used for the purpose of heating the water for the Hammamkhana. There was also a toilet room by the side of Hammamkhana.</p><br>
<p>All the building along with the arrangements of Hammamkhana clearly shows that it was very much in use by the Subadar of Bengal and that Subadar was Shaista Khan. From the report of the Governor of English Factory it was learned that Shaista Khan used to live in this room and some Europeans were kept in custody here.</p><br>
<h3>A water tank</h3><br>
<p>A square shaped water tank (71.63m on each side) is placed to the east of the Diwan-i-Aam. There are four corner stairs to descend into the tank.</p><br>
<h3>Tomb of Bibi Pari</h3><br>
<p>The tomb of Bibi Pari, the daughter of Shaista Khan, is in the middle of the complex. There is a central square room. It contains the remains of Bibi Pari covered by a false octagonal dome and wrapped by brass plate. The entire inner wall is covered with white marble. Eight rooms surround the central one. There is another small grave in the southeastern corner room.</p><br>
<h3>Lalbagh Fort Mosque</h3><br>
<p>There is a mosque in kellah, Azam Shah to Delhi before he went to the mosque. This three-domed mosque that some attention. The mosque is the prayer in congregation. There are so very few of the old mosque in Dhaka.</p><br>
<h2>Some views of the fort</h2><br>
<h2>Stories</h2><br>
<p>From the time of construction till date, various myths have revolved around the fort. Among all the historical stories and debates, it is widely believed that Lalbagh Fort stands as a monument of the unfulfilled dreams of Prince Muhammad Azam, beloved son of Emperor Aurangzeb. In the mid 17th century, he was serving as the Viceroy of Bengal and began the construction of the impressive Lalbagh Fort complex.</p><br>
<p>Therefore, the popular stories about the fort begin. Before the construction was finished, Prince Azam was called back to his father, to assist in the war against the Marathas. Legend says after the Mughal prince departed, Shaista Khan continued with building the project, but upon the untimely death of his much-loved daughter Iran-Dukht, warmly known as Pari Bibi, the construction was stopped. Bibi was engaged to Prince Azam at the time of her death.</p><br>
<p>There are also legends and debates about the identity of Pari Bibi. Few researchers claim she was a nine-year-old Ahom princess. Mir Jumals Ahom&#39;s expedition brought a war adjoining the Garo hills. He took the daughter of Ahom Raja to compel him for the full execution of the previous peace treaty. Later, the emperor made her convert to Islam and married her off to prince Azam. However, overshadowing all the debates, people now believe that she was the loving daughter of Nawab Shaista Khan.</p><br>
<h2>Important facts</h2><br>
<p>Archeologists after a recent excavation discover continuity of the main fort walls towards east below Shaishta Khan Road and opine that the present area of Qilla only represents half portion as planned by Prince Azam Khan. The gate at south-east of Fort (adjacent to Lalbagh Shahi Masjid) as per requirement fits properly as the Central Gate in the middle of Fort, the other half on east- likely planned for administrative purpose (Girde Qilla area)- were incomplete or extinct long ago.</p><br>
<p>There are some underground tunnels in the fort which are now sealed. It is said that two of the tunnels lead to now ruined Zinzira Fort which was located on the other side of the Buriganga River. The other passage was made as a maze. It is claimed that many defeated sepoys (soldiers) of the Sepoy Revolution of 1857 tried to run away through the passage and lost their lives. The British soldiers who chased them to arrest also did not return. To investigate the claim, the British researchers sent an elephant and dogs to the tunnel but they did not return either. After that, the tunnels were sealed.</p><br>
<p>Cueva de la Pileta  is a cave in the province of Málaga  which has cave paintings and was discovered in 1905.</p><br>
<h2>Investigation</h2><br>
<p>It was investigated by Abbe Henri Breuil, a French Catholic priest, archaeologist, anthropologist, ethnologist and geologist, who had come to Spain because of Colonel Verner&#39;s reporting of this important cave in Benaoján, near Ronda. Verner had been told of the cave that had been discovered by a Spanish farmer called José Bullón in 1905 who was looking for bat guano around the original entrance in a place called the abyss of the bats. He had assumed that the cave markings were made by Moors. He had found human remains and markings on the walls. Verner had himself lowered into the cave and later reported his findings which attracted international interest.</p><br>
<p>Breuil was able to identify nearly fifty drawings and some of these resembled symbols. He stayed for two months funded by the Prince of Monaco. The final scientific paper was also authored by Verner.</p><br>
<h2>Reassessment</h2><br>
<p>Both skeletons and pottery present indicated that the cave must have a better entrance and dating indicated that the remains went back to the Neolithic. Some of the wall decorations and skeletons were thought to be more recent and to have resulted from people who got lost in the cave. The son of the man who found the cave managed to find a better entrance in 1924 and that is the one used today. The same man made a discovery of an unknown chamber that gave access to galleries (Las Galerias Neuvas) which contained stalactites. These galleries linked up with known areas. A deep chasm is accessed down the longest of these galleries which is 350 metres long.</p><br>
<p>A husband and wife team re-investigated the cave in 1978 including the newly discovered galleries. They were able to identify 134 paintings although those discovered by Breuil were now not identifiable. It has to be noted that there may be further Paleolithic paintings but many of the surfaces are now covered by flowstone. Dating of the larger paintings has estimated them to be over 20,000 years old.</p><br>
<h2>Today</h2><br>
<p>The cave today is operated by Bullón&#39;s descendants who limit groups to no more than 20 people--as of 2017 reservations must be made in advance.</p><br>
<p>Ambuthirtha is a mountain located 15 km from the village of Thirthahalli, Shimoga District of the state of Karnataka, India. It is the headwaters of the Sharavathi river.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Etymology</h3><br>
<p>The name "Ambuthirtha" refers to a part of Hindu mythology that legend says happened here, which is the reason a temple to Rama is located in the area.</p><br>
<h4>The Legend</h4><br>
<p>According to ancient legend, the god Rama shot at the ground with his Ambu (translates to bow & arrow) because his wife, Sita, was thirsty (translates to Thirtha). When his arrow hit the ground, water poured out and quenched her thirst. Because the river, according to the legend, originated with this event, the river is called "Sharavathi" as "Shara" translates to arrow.</p><br>
<h2>Hydroelectric Power Plants</h2><br>
<p>The river has two Hydroelectric plants built on it that supply electricity for much of the state of Karnataka. The first plant, which is upstream, is known as the Mahatma Gandhi Hydroelectric Power Station. The second plant, closer to the bottom of the mountain, is the Shavarathi Valley Project. The nearest city is called Hosanagara (ಹೊಸನಗರ ಶಿವಮೊಗ್ಗ ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ), and is a major employer in the area. The company that runs the plants is "Ambuthirtha Power Private Limited", headquartered in Bengaluru.</p><br>
<h2>Habitation</h2><br>
<p>There is a temple to the god Rama on this mountain, accompanied by a small pond. The water level in this pond remains the same all year round due to the Sharavathi river which originates underneath it. Small creeks feed into the pond as well and help maintain the ponds equilibrium. The water level remains the same regardless of the type of season, rainy or dry. The temple&#39;s upkeep is financed by donations of the local population as it is believed to be a sacred site.</p><br>
<p>Delaware State Museum Buildings, also known as Old Presbyterian Church Complex, is a historic museum complex located at Dover, Kent County, Delaware. The complex consists of four buildings. They are the Old Presbyterian Church, brick chapel , brick gas plant office building, and the Georgian-style Eldridge Reeves Johnson Memorial Building. The Old Presbyterian Church was built in 1790, and is a two-story, three bay square brick early Federal style meeting house. Buried in the adjacent cemetery are a number of prominent Delawareans including John M. Clayton  and John Haslet . The Eldridge Reeves Johnson Memorial Building houses the Johnson Victrola Museum.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<p>Old Statehouse is a historic state capitol building located on The Green at Dover, Kent County, Delaware. It was built between 1787 and 1792, and is a two-story, five bay, brick structure in a Middle Georgian style. The front facade features a fanlight over the center door and above it a Palladian window at the center of the second floor. It has a shingled side gabled roof topped with an octagonal cupola. A number of attached wings were added between 1836 and 1926. From 1792 to 1932 it was the sole seat of State government, while from 1792 until 1873 it served also as Kent County Court House.</p><br>
<p>The state house was remodeled in 1873 to reflect a Victorian style and restored in 1976 to its original appearance. Extensive renovations of the State House also took place in 2007.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1971. It is located in the Dover Green Historic District. It is now part of the Delaware National Historic Park and a museum run by the Delaware Division of Historic and Cultural Affairs. It can be toured Monday–Saturday 9–4:30 and Sundays 1:30–4:30 free of charge.</p><br>
<p>Dover Green Historic District is a national historic district located at Dover, Kent County, Delaware. It encompasses 79 contributing buildings centered on The Green and including most of the inhabited part of 18th century Dover. Notable buildings include the Eagle Tavern , Kent County Court House , Baptist Church-Dover Century Club , King Dougall House and Store House, Parke-Ridgely House , and a number of 19th century Italianate-style commercial buildings. Also located in the district are the separately listed Bradford-Loockerman House, Christ Church, and Old Statehouse.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. The Green also became part of First State National Historical Park on March 25, 2013 and is administered in cooperation with the National Park Service.</p><br>
<p>Woodland House is a large detached house at 31 Melbury Road , in the Holland Park district of Kensington and Chelsea, W14. Built from 1875-7 in the Queen Anne style by the architect Richard Norman Shaw, it is a Grade II* listed building. Woodland House is situated next to William Burges&#39; Grade I listed Tower House.</p><br>
<p>Originally 11 Melbury Road, the house was renumbered as 31 Melbury Road in 1967. It was the second of two houses in Melbury Road designed by Shaw, the first, 8 Melbury Road, was designed for another painter Marcus Stone. In 1959 the London County Council commemorated Fildes at Woodland House with a blue plaque.</p><br>
<p>Woodlands House was later the home of the film director Michael Winner. His father purchased the lease for the property after the Second World War and, buying the outstanding lease from his father in 1972, Winner lived at the house until his own death at the house,in 2013. It was subsequently purchased by the pop star Robbie Williams.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The development of Melbury Road in the grounds of Little Holland House created an art colony in Holland Park, the inhabitants of which became known as the Holland Park Circle.</p><br>
<p>Shaw congratulated Fildes on acquiring "such a delicious site" in May 1875. The site was recommended to Fildes by Val Prinsep, it is at the bend of Melbury Road, with vistas to the south and west, adjoining Holland Lane (now Ilchester Place) on the east. The garden spans.75 acre and contains tropical and native trees. The gardens of Woodland House and the adjoining Tower House both contain trees from the former Little Holland House.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>Woodland House was designed by architect Richard Norman Shaw. Shaw was well acquainted with members of the art establishment, being friends with Dante Gabriel Rossetti, William Morris and Philip Webb. The choice by Fildes and Stone of Richard Norman Shaw as the architect of their houses was an important symbol of their ambition to become academicians, members of the Royal Academy of Arts, and of the art establishment themselves. The imposing houses and studios that Shaw designed would impress potential patrons. All of the "studio-houses" of the Holland Park Circle were built with red bricks, a colour that stood in contrast to the white stucco that had been traditionally used in the surrounding area.</p><br>
<p>Shaw had prepared preliminary designs of Woodland House by August 1875, and building began early in 1876, with construction being undertaken by W. H. Lascelles. Fildes and his family moved into the house in the Autumn of 1877. Fildes house was larger than Marcus Stones, and costlier to build. Shortly after Fildes had commissioned Shaw to design his house, Fildes grandmother, Mary, had died, leaving him her property.</p><br>
<p>Facing south, Fildes large artists studio was at the rear of the house and was lit by a skylight and six tall windows grouped in pairs of two. This arrangement was found not to provide the necessary light and the middle pair of windows was redesigned as a single, large, four-light, window. The studio was initially 43 ft and 24 ft. A winter studio was added in 1880, followed by a glass studio in 1885, situated above a nursery. When King Edward VII came to sit for a state portrait he described the studio as "one of the finest rooms in London".</p><br>
<p>In 1893 The Strand Magazine described Fildes&#39; house as "that of the artist – everything has its own artistic place and corner; nothing fails to harmonise, nothing comes short of gaining the effect wanted". The interior was noted by the Strand Magazine to contain predominantly Sheraton style furniture with "Venetian and Flemish black-framed mirrors, Hispano-Moresque pottery, Venetian brass and copper-ware... blue-and-white Nankin and Delft (porcelain)".</p><br>
<p>Fildes childrens bedrooms were hung with wallpapers designed by Morris & Co. and Walter Crane. Under Fildes&#39; the hallway was encrusted with crimson and gold, and after passing through crimson curtains a visitor ascended stairs lined with brass plates, paintings from the Italian Renaissance and tapestries.</p><br>
<p>Michael Winner&#39;s father bought the house on a long lease after the Second World War. He divided the property into three flats, erecting walls and installing false ceilings in the process. Winner restored the original layout of the house even sourcing contemporary bricks from demolished buildings. A folly was also reinstated on the roof as well as the original wrought iron gates.</p><br>
<p>Under Winner the house had 47 rooms and some 2,000 lightbulbs. Amenities included a jacuzzi, swimming pool, steam room, and cinema. Winner hired the services of interior designer Tessa Kennedy to help him renovate the house, originally wishing Woodland House to look like the "home of a country vicar", but by the finish of the work Winner described it as "completely over the top" and said it resembled the "house of a lottery winner".</p><br>
<h2>Michael Winner</h2><br>
<p>After Fildes death, the house was occupied in turn by the retired soldier Brigadier General Charles Forbes Blane, the manufacturer Edward Barford When his parents emigrated to France in 1972 Winner purchased Woodland House from them to avoid a punitive gift tax. At the time of Winner&#39;s purchase of the house from his parents, Woodland House was divided into three flats, two of them subject to rent-control, with 17 years remaining on the leasehold. Winner subsequently negotiated a new leasehold in 1972 for £150,000, extending the lease to the 2040s.</p><br>
<p>Winner was an art collector, and a connoisseur of British illustration. His art collection included works by Jan Micker, William James, Edmund Dulac, E. H. Shepard, Arthur Rackham, Kay Nielsen and Beatrix Potter. The freehold is owned by the Ilchester Estate.</p><br>
<p>Informal discussions had taken place with the curator of the Leighton House Museum, situated in the adjacent street and also owned by the council. Winner had wished to greet future visitors to Woodland House as a talking waxwork statue, uttering a variation on his catch phrase, "Calm down, dear, I&#39;m only a dummy".</p><br>
<p>Woodland House was informally for sale for four months before Winner publicly announced it was for sale for £60 million in August 2011. The value of Woodland House had previously been estimated by Winner as £35 million in 2006 and later at £100 million in 2008.</p><br>
<h2>Robbie Williams</h2><br>
<p>Woodland House is now owned by the singer Robbie Williams. Since purchasing the house, Williams has undertaken significant renovations, some of which have led to planning conflicts with his neighbour at The Tower House, the Led Zeppelin guitarist, Jimmy Page.</p><br>
